蜜桃视频中文字幕的主要成分是CH4和CO2，將CO2從混合氣中分離得到的高純度甲烷氣被稱為生物天然氣。生物天然氣可以直接作為石化天然氣的替代燃料，發展蜜桃视频中文字幕已成為增加天然氣供應量的一個重要方向。人類對天然氣需求量的增加推動了生物天然氣技術的發展。蜜桃视频中文字幕提純生物天然氣可高值化利用蜜桃视频中文字幕，有效減少蜜桃视频中文字幕工程因蜜桃视频中文字幕利用不充分而排空造成的溫室效應，具有環保和能源雙重效益。本文概述了蜜桃视频中文字幕提純技術及國內外發展現狀，以期為蜜桃视频中文字幕提純技術的發展提供參考。
The main components of biogas are CH4 and CO2. The high-purity methane gas obtained by separating CO2 from the mixture is called biogas. Biogas can be directly used as an alternative fuel for Petrochemical Natural gas. The development of biogas has become an important direction to increase the supply of natural gas. The increase of human demand for natural gas has promoted the development of biogas technology. Biogas purification of biogas can make high-value use of biogas, effectively reduce the greenhouse effect caused by the emptying of biogas projects due to insufficient utilization of biogas, and have dual benefits of environmental protection and energy. This paper summarizes the biogas purification technology and its development status at home and abroad, in order to provide reference for the development of biogas purification technology.
1、蜜桃视频中文字幕特性
1. Biogas characteristics
蜜桃视频中文字幕是一種混合氣體，其組成不僅取決於發酵原料的種類及其相對含量，而且隨發酵條件及發酵階段的不同而變化。當蜜桃视频中文字幕厭氧反應器處於正常穩定發酵階段時，蜜桃视频中文字幕的體積組成大致為：甲烷（CH4）50%～75%，二氧化碳（CO2）25%～45%，水（H2O，20～40℃下）2%～7%，氮氣（N2）0～2%，少量的氧氣（O2），以及少於1%的氫氣（H2）和硫化氫（H2S）。
Biogas is a kind of mixed gas. Its composition depends not only on the type and relative content of fermentation raw materials, but also on the different fermentation conditions and fermentation stages. When the biogas anaerobic reactor is in the normal stable fermentation stage, the volume composition of biogas is roughly: methane (CH4) 50% ~ 75%, carbon dioxide (CO2) 25% ~ 45%, water (H2O, at 20 ~ 40 ℃) 2% ~ 7%, nitrogen (N2) 0 ~ 2%, a small amount of oxygen (O2), and less than 1% of hydrogen (H2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
與其它可燃氣體相比，蜜桃视频中文字幕具有抗爆性良好和燃燒產物清潔等特點。目前，蜜桃视频中文字幕主要應用在發電、供熱和炊事方麵，蜜桃视频中文字幕中的CO2降低了蜜桃视频中文字幕的能量密度和熱值，限製了蜜桃视频中文字幕的利用範圍，要去除蜜桃视频中文字幕中的CO2、H2S 和水蒸氣等將蜜桃视频中文字幕提純為生物天然氣（BNG）。生物天然氣可壓縮用於車用燃料（CNG）、熱電聯產（CHP）、並入天然氣管網、燃料電池以及化工原料等領域。汽車使用生物天然氣不僅可以降低尾氣排放造成的空氣汙染，而且溫室氣體的淨排放量減少75%～200%，生物天然氣可混入現有的天然氣管網，降低對石化能源的依賴。
Compared with other combustible gases, biogas has the characteristics of good explosion resistance and clean combustion products. At present, biogas is mainly used in power generation, heating and cooking. The CO2 in biogas reduces the energy density and calorific value of biogas and limits the scope of its utilization. It is necessary to remove CO2, H2S and water vapor in biogas and purify biogas into biological natural gas (bng). Biogas can be compressed for vehicle fuel (CNG), cogeneration (CHP), incorporation into natural gas pipelines, fuel cells, chemical raw materials and other fields. The use of biogas in automobiless can not only reduce the air pollution caused by exhaust emissions, but also reduce the net emission of greenhouse gases by 75% - 200%. Biogas can be mixed into the existing natural gas pipeline network, reducing the dependence on petrochemical energy.
2、蜜桃视频中文字幕提純技術
2. Biogas purification technology
目前填埋氣提純工藝有變壓吸附法（PSA）、水洗法、化學吸收法、膜分離法、選擇分離法等，在目前世界範圍內工藝較為成熟、應用相對較多的方法是變壓吸附法（PSA）、化學吸收法（胺法淨化）、膜分離法。
At present, landfill gas purification processes include pressure swing adsorption (PSA), water washing, chemical absorption, membrane separation, selective separation, etc. at present, the more mature and widely used methods in the world are pressure swing adsorption (PSA), chemical absorption (amine purification), and membrane separation.
2.1變壓吸附法（PSA）
2.1 pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
變壓吸附法（PSA）是在加壓條件下，利用蜜桃视频中文字幕中的CH4、CO2以及N2在吸附劑表麵被吸附的能力不同而實現分離氣體成分的一種方法。組分的吸附量受壓力及溫度的影響，壓力升高時吸附量增加，壓力降低時吸附量減少；當溫度升高時吸附量減小，溫度降低時吸附量增加。變壓吸附對氣體來源的要求非常嚴格，H2S的存在會導致吸附劑永久性中毒，並且變壓吸附要求氣體幹燥，所以變壓吸附前要先脫除H2S和H2。
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a method to separate gas components under pressurized conditions by using the different adsorption capacities of CH4, CO2 and N2 in biogas on the surface of adsorbent. The adsorption capacity of components is affected by pressure and temperature. When the pressure increases, the adsorption capacity increases, and when the pressure decreases, the adsorption capacity decreases; When the temperature increases, the adsorption capacity decreases, and when the temperature decreases, the adsorption capacity increases. PSA has very strict requirements on gas source. The presence of H2S will cause permanent poisoning of adsorbent, and PSA requires gas drying, so H2S and H2 should be removed before PSA.
吸附材料在該技術中起到關鍵的作用，一般采用不同類型的活性炭、沸石、矽膠、氧化鋁和分子篩作為吸附材料。不同的吸附材料對蜜桃视频中文字幕的純化效果各不相同。目前，以活性炭和分子篩為主的碳基吸附劑，在研究蜜桃视频中文字幕提純方麵經常被使用。近年來出現的一些新型吸附材料，如有序介孔材料、胺修飾吸附劑和金屬框架物（MOFs）對CO2具有很高吸附選擇性，應用前景廣闊，而且MOFs被認為是在CO2分離方麵具潛力。
Adsorption materials play a key role in this technology. Generally, different types of activated carbon, zeolite, silica gel, alumina and molecular sieve are used as adsorption materials. Different adsorption materials have different purification effects on biogas. At present, carbon based adsorbents based on activated carbon and molecular sieve are often used in the study of biogas purification. In recent years, some new adsorption materials, such as ordered mesoporous materials, amine modified adsorbents and metal frameworks (MOFs), have high adsorption selectivity for CO2 and broad application prospects, and MOFs are considered to have the most potential in CO2 separation.
2.2化學吸收法
2.2 chemical absorption method
化學吸收法是利用胺溶液將CO2從CH4中分離的方法，分離過程中CO2被吸收後進一步與胺溶液發生化學反應，通過加熱完成胺溶液的再生。由於化學反應具有很強的選擇性，而CH4被胺溶液吸收的量又非常低，所以這種方法CH4的損失率低於0.1%。該技術操作壓力一般為1atm。
Chemical absorption method uses amine solution to separate CO2 from CH4. After CO2 is absorbed in the separation process, it further reacts with amine solution and completes the regeneration of amine solution by heating. Because the chemical reaction has strong selectivity and the amount of CH4 absorbed by amine solution is very low, the loss rate of CH4 in this method is less than 0.1%. The operating pressure of this technology is generally 1atm.
常用的胺溶液主要有乙醇胺（MEA）、二乙醇胺（DEA）和甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）[13]。由於CO2被吸收後與胺溶液發生了化學反應，因此吸收過程可以在較低的壓力條件下進行，一般情況下隻需在蜜桃视频中文字幕已有壓力的基礎上稍微提高一些壓力即可。胺溶液的再生過程比較困難，需要160℃的溫度條件，因此運行過程需要消耗大量的工藝用熱，存在運行能耗高的弊端。此外，由於存在蒸發損失，運行過程需要經常補充胺溶液。
Commonly used amine solutions mainly include ethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) [13]. Since CO2 reacts with amine solution after being absorbed, the absorption process can be carried out under low pressure. Generally, it is only necessary to slightly increase the pressure on the basis of the existing pressure of biogas. The regeneration process of amine solution is relatively difficult, requiring a temperature of 160 ℃, so the operation process needs to consume a lot of process heat, which has the disadvantage of high operation energy consumption. In addition, due to evaporation loss, amine solution needs to be supplemented frequently during operation.
2.3膜分離法
2.3 membrane separation method
膜技術被認為是21世紀工業技術改造中的一項極為重要的技術，有專家指出：誰掌握了膜技術誰就掌握了化學工業的明天。膜分離法原理是利用各氣體組分在膜表麵的吸附能力不同，溶解、擴散速率不同，在膜兩側分壓差的推動下，大部分CO2等組分和少量的CH4透過膜壁進入滲透側分離出去，大部分CH4在高壓側作為生物天然氣輸出。
Membrane technology is considered to be a very important technology in the industrial technological transformation in the 21st century. Some experts pointed out that whoever masters membrane technology will master the future of chemical industry. The principle of membrane separation method is to use the different adsorption capacity of each gas component on the membrane surface and the different dissolution and diffusion rates. Driven by the differential pressure on both sides of the membrane, most of the components such as CO2 and a small amount of CH4 enter the permeation side through the membrane wall and are separated out, and most of CH4 is output as biological natural gas on the high-pressure side.
適合蜜桃视频中文字幕提純的有聚酰亞胺膜、聚碸膜和醋酸纖維素膜，後者的耐水性不佳，使用過程中需要嚴格脫水，蜜桃视频中文字幕提純膜元件使用中空纖維、螺旋卷類型的較多，封套式較少。蜜桃视频中文字幕提純膜分離技術有兩套基本的膜分離係統：氣體滲透模塊係統和氣液膜分離係統。對於氣體滲透模塊係統來說，在階段，CH4含量高可達到92%。但若經過多級膜處理後，CH4含量高會超過96%。蜜桃视频中文字幕氣液膜分離提純技術是近年才發展起來的，對於CO2的去除非常有效，特別是采用堿性溶液的膜係統，能夠在階段中將55%CH4含量的蜜桃视频中文字幕純化到CH4含量96%。
Polyimide membrane, polysulfone membrane and cellulose acetate membrane are suitable for biogas purification. The latter has poor water resistance and requires strict dehydration in the process of use. Biogas purification membrane components use more hollow fibers and spiral rolls, and less envelopes. There are two basic membrane separation systems for biogas purification membrane separation technology: gas permeation module system and gas-liquid membrane separation system. For the gas permeation module system, the maximum CH4 content can reach 92% in the first stage. However, after multi-stage membrane treatment, the maximum CH4 content will exceed 96%. Biogas gas-liquid membrane separation and purification technology has only been developed in recent years, which is very effective for CO2 removal. Especially, the membrane system using alkaline solution can purify biogas with 55% CH4 content to 96% CH4 content in the first stage.
The above is a detailed introduction to biogas purification, which I hope will help you. If you have any questions, please contact us. We will provide services for you with a professional attitude http://www.oagood.com
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2022-08-02
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